Links - PHP Rule Engines
Updated: Sept 24 2008: more links, RAP
A very thin category at the moment, but the new Drupal Rules project may help to fill it out.
The RAP project has a simple forward and backward chaining inference engine using networks of relationships rather than condition/action statements like a true rule engine.
There is also a simple and probably quick Prolog backchaining engine implemented in PHP that might be useful for relational RDF-stytle inferencing. See link below.